Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society (WOCN) Practice Exam

What characterizes lymphedema?

1. Accumulation of air in tissue

2. Accumulation of protein-rich fluid in tissues

3. Fluid collection without protein

4. Generalized swelling from heart failure

The correct answer is: Accumulation of protein-rich fluid in tissues

Lymphedema is specifically characterized by an accumulation of protein-rich fluid in the interstitial tissues due to a compromised lymphatic system. This condition occurs when lymphatic vessels are damaged or obstructed, preventing lymph from draining properly. The buildup of this fluid, which is high in protein content, leads to swelling in the affected areas, often resulting in a feeling of heaviness or tightness. The presence of protein in the fluid can also lead to tissue changes and fibrosis over time, further complicating the condition. This differentiates lymphedema from other types of edema, where fluid accumulation may not necessarily be enriched with proteins. Other options describe different conditions or mechanisms, such as air accumulation, which doesn't pertain to lymphedema, or generalized swelling due to heart failure, which involves a different pathophysiological mechanism entirely.