Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society (WOCN) Practice Exam

What commonly causes the formation of sickle cell ulcers?

1. Severe infections

2. Trauma, ischemia, and edema

3. Allergic reactions

4. Insect bites

The correct answer is: Trauma, ischemia, and edema

The formation of sickle cell ulcers is primarily linked to trauma, ischemia, and edema. In individuals with sickle cell disease, sickled red blood cells can obstruct blood flow, leading to areas of reduced oxygen supply (ischemia). This lack of oxygen can result in tissue damage and promote the formation of ulcers, particularly in the lower extremities. Additionally, any trauma to the skin can exacerbate ischemia and expedite ulcer development, while edema (swelling) can further compromise blood flow and contribute to tissue breakdown, enhancing the likelihood of ulcer formation. This pathway highlights the complex interplay of factors that lead to skin complications in individuals with sickle cell disease. Other factors, such as infections or allergic reactions, may contribute to skin issues but are not primary causes of the specific ulcers associated with sickle cell disease.