Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society (WOCN) Practice Exam

What condition is characterized by brownish hyperpigmentation in LEVD?

1. Edema

2. Hemosiderosis

3. Urticaria

4. Erythema multiforme

The correct answer is: Hemosiderosis

The condition characterized by brownish hyperpigmentation in lower extremity venous disease (LEVD) is hemosiderosis. This pigmentary change occurs due to the accumulation of hemosiderin, a breakdown product of hemoglobin, that deposits in tissues as a result of chronic venous insufficiency and blood stasis. When blood pools in the lower extremities due to venous dysfunction, red blood cells can leak from capillaries into the surrounding tissue, leading to their breakdown and subsequent deposition of hemosiderin. The clinical manifestation is the characteristic brownish discoloration of the skin. In contrast, edema refers to fluid accumulation in tissues, which can occur in chronic venous insufficiency but does not specifically lead to hyperpigmentation. Urticaria, commonly known as hives, involves itchy, raised welts on the skin and is not associated with hyperpigmentation. Erythema multiforme is a condition marked by target-like lesions and does not relate to the pigmentation changes seen in hemosiderosis or LEVD. Thus, hemosiderosis is the correct choice as it directly corresponds to the described condition of brownish hyperpigmentation in lower extremity venous disease.