Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society (WOCN) Practice Exam

What is a characteristic sign of lower extremity venous disease?

1. Upper extremity edema

2. Lower extremity edema

3. Discoloration of nails

4. Inflammation in the abdomen

The correct answer is: Lower extremity edema

Lower extremity venous disease is characterized by issues related to poor venous circulation in the legs, which often leads to a variety of symptoms. One of the hallmark signs of this condition is lower extremity edema. This swelling occurs because the veins in the legs are unable to properly return blood back to the heart, resulting in fluid accumulation in the lower legs and ankles. In contrast, other options do not directly relate to lower extremity venous disease. Upper extremity edema would suggest issues in the arms or a systemic condition affecting the entire body. Discoloration of nails can indicate other health problems, such as peripheral artery disease or systemic diseases, rather than specifically indicating venous disease. Similarly, inflammation in the abdomen is unrelated to venous issues in the legs and points to different medical concerns, possibly involving the digestive or reproductive systems. Thus, lower extremity edema stands out as a clear indication of lower extremity venous disease due to its direct association with impaired venous return and fluid management in the vascular system of the legs. This connection between the swelling and the function of veins makes the presence of lower extremity edema a characteristic sign of this condition.