Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society (WOCN) Practice Exam

What is a common characteristic of hammer toes or claw toes?

1. Joint swelling in the toes

2. Flexion contractures of the PIP or DIP joints

3. Severe pain in the heel

4. Normal alignment of the toes

The correct answer is: Flexion contractures of the PIP or DIP joints

Hammer toes and claw toes are conditions that typically involve the abnormal positioning of the toes, particularly at the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints. A common characteristic of these conditions is flexion contractures of the PIP or DIP joints, where the toe joints become bent in a flexed position. This abnormal flexion can occur in varying degrees and can affect one or more toes. In hammer toes, the middle joint of the toe is flexed while the outer joint may be extended, resulting in a characteristic appearance that resembles a hammer. Claw toes show a similar pattern, with both the PIP and DIP joints flexed, leading to a claw-like appearance. This abnormal positioning of the toes can lead to discomfort, difficulty with footwear, and callus formation due to pressure on the tops or sides of the toes. The other options do not accurately represent the typical features of hammer toes or claw toes. Joint swelling in the toes may occur due to various conditions but is not a defining characteristic of either. Severe pain in the heel is more associated with conditions such as plantar fasciitis or heel spurs rather than hammer or claw toes. Lastly, normal alignment of the toes