Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society (WOCN) Practice Exam

What type of pressure typically leads to the formation of corns and calluses?

1. Fluid pressure

2. Repeated friction and pressure

3. Thermal pressure

4. Weight-bearing pressure

The correct answer is: Repeated friction and pressure

The formation of corns and calluses is primarily attributed to repeated friction and pressure experienced by the skin over time. These skin lesions develop as a protective response to irritation, where the skin thickens in areas subjected to constant friction or pressure, often resulting from repetitive activities or ill-fitting footwear. This adaptive mechanism helps to shield the underlying tissues from damage, but can create discomfort or pain, especially when the skin becomes excessively thickened. While weight-bearing pressure and fluid pressure can contribute to skin changes, the key factor in the formation of corns and calluses is the repetitive nature of the contact that leads to friction. Thermal pressure, caused by heat, is not directly involved in the development of corns and calluses. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for prevention and management in patients at risk, especially those with specific foot conditions or abnormalities.