Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society (WOCN) Practice Exam

Which biochemistry abnormalities are linked to calciphylaxis?

1. Hypocalcemia and hyponatremia

2. Hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperparathyroidism

3. Hypokalemia and hyperuricemia

4. Normocalcemia and low blood sugar

The correct answer is: Hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperparathyroidism

Calciphylaxis is a serious and rare condition often seen in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease and is characterized by the calcification of blood vessels, leading to necrosis and ulceration of the skin. The biochemical abnormalities associated with calciphylaxis typically include hypercalcemia (elevated calcium levels), hyperphosphatemia (elevated phosphate levels), and hyperparathyroidism (increased levels of parathyroid hormone). Hypercalcemia occurs due to the imbalanced mineral metabolism often seen in renal failure, where the kidneys are unable to excrete excess calcium effectively. Simultaneously, hyperphosphatemia is common in patients with chronic renal disease, as the kidneys also struggle to eliminate phosphate. The elevated phosphate contributes to the formation of calcium-phosphate complexes, further promoting vascular calcification. Hyperparathyroidism is frequently a secondary response to low calcium levels due to the body's attempts to regulate hypocalcemia, often seen in the context of chronic kidney disease, which exacerbates the situation and leads to increased calcium mobilization from bones. This triad of abnormalities is a hallmark of calciphylaxis and reflects the complex interplay of mineral and parathyroid hormone regulation in affected individuals. The other options present alternative biochemical abnormalities