Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society (WOCN) Practice Exam

Which of the following is a potential cause of nerve damage?

1. Hyperglycemia

2. Cirrhosis

3. Obesity

4. Hypertension

The correct answer is: Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is a well-known potential cause of nerve damage, particularly in individuals with diabetes. When blood glucose levels are consistently elevated, it can lead to a condition called diabetic neuropathy, which affects the nerves throughout the body. The excess glucose in the bloodstream can cause damage to nerve fibers by various mechanisms, including the formation of advanced glycation end products and oxidative stress, which can impair nerve function and structure. The other options, while they can have various health implications, are not as directly linked to nerve damage as hyperglycemia is. Cirrhosis primarily affects liver function and can lead to complications that might indirectly affect nerve health, but it is not a direct cause of nerve damage. Obesity can contribute to a variety of health problems, including metabolic syndrome, but it does not directly cause nerve damage in the way that sustained high blood sugar levels do. Hypertension can lead to cardiovascular complications but is not directly associated with neurological damage. Thus, hyperglycemia stands out as a primary and direct contributor to nerve damage, especially in the context of diabetes.