Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society (WOCN) Practice Exam

Which type of necrotizing fasciitis typically involves both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria?

1. Type 1

2. Type 2

3. Type 3

4. Type 4

The correct answer is: Type 1

Type 1 necrotizing fasciitis is characterized by polymicrobial infections, which means it typically involves a mixture of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. This type of infection frequently arises from a combination of skin flora and other microorganisms that can thrive in different oxygen environments. The polymicrobial nature of Type 1 is significant because it complicates treatment, as various types of bacteria respond differently to antibiotics. The presence of anaerobes, which do not require oxygen for growth, alongside aerobic bacteria that thrive in oxygen-rich environments, creates a more severe clinical picture. This type of necrotizing fasciitis is often linked to underlying conditions such as diabetes, immunosuppression, or previous trauma, leading to an increased risk for mixed infections. In contrast, Type 2 necrotizing fasciitis is primarily associated with the rapid proliferation of a singular type of bacteria, usually group A Streptococcus or Staphylococcus aureus, which may not necessarily include anaerobic organisms. Similarly, Types 3 and 4 are rarely classified in the same way and tend to involve other specific pathogens or none at all. Thus, the clear definition and treatment protocols related to Type 1 underline its distinction as involving both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria,